An Introduction to the Baha’i Faith

Republished by: Bahaismiran

The belief in appearance of a redeemer existed in different ages of history. The prophets have given glad tidings about dissemination of monotheism and justice in all around the world. They were giving good news about the establishment of the worldwide government by a just leader of humanity, who will make a protection from sedition and injustices. Giving this good news about the future of the world was among the most important duties of the prophets.

From the beginning, there was a kind of enmity and hostility to the holy belief of Mahdism (Divine Savior). The prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family) introduced Mahdi (p.b.u.h.) as the one who will establish the world government and take the charge of the affairs of the world, the one who will perish sedition and fill the world with justice and equity.

He stressed that the promised Mahdi will be among his descendants.

He said: \"Mahdi is twelfth Imam of the Shia. He is the eleventh descendant of Amir al-Momenin Ali (p.b.u.h.), and the ninth descendant of Imam Hussein ibn Ali (p.b.u.h.)\".

After this clear introduction, the enmity toward kindred of the prophet Mohammad , specially Imam Mahdi (a.s.), became more obvious.

In this article we are not to explain the beginning of the enmities. We just try to point to the recent oppositions against Mahdiism (Mahdaviyyat).

From about 170 years ago, the opposition against the promised Qa\'em was manifested in the beliefs of a misled group called \"Babi\". We\'re going to explain the arising of this group (Later also as Bahais).

Sheikhiyya

In the early decades of 13^th century A.H.,\"Sheikh Ahmad Ahsaei\" claimed that he was in contact with Imam Mahdi (a.s.). His claim prepared the condition for arising of a new sect called \"Sheikhi\". After Sheikh Ahmad, \"Siyyid Kazim Rashti\", who was his successor, extended that claim and disseminated it among the people. At that time, Iran was at war with Russia and was defeated for several times. The bad conditions of the country made the public despair and afflicted, so some people followed sheikh to find a protection from sedition. They claimed to communicate with Imam Mahdi (a.s.) and this caused feeling of hopefulness and expectancy in public, so leaders of Sheikhi reap the benefits of this situation. Although they pretended to agree with Shia beliefs and believed in prophet of Islam as the seal of prophets and accepted Imam Mahdi as the promised Qa\'em(\"sharh Al-ziarat\" and \"Javame Al- kalem\" ,Sheikh Ahmad Ahsaei.

\"Al-Rasael\" , Siyyid Kazim Rashti.) but they unintentionally

prepared the conditions for coming of  Babi dispensation which became the source of sedition in Iran later on.

Babi dispensation

Ali Muhammad Shirazi (Bab)

Siyyid Kazim didn\'t appoint a successor for himself. The one who would be as the \"fourth pillar of faith\", or an intermediate between public and Imam Mahdi (a.s.). So his death caused a division between his followers. Most of them followed \"Mohammad Karim Khan Kermani\"; but there were some young followers who tried to find a new successor. One of them was \"Mulla Hussein Boshrui\" who went to Shiraz to meet \"Mirza Ali Mohammad Shirazi\". Mirza claimed to be the fourth pillar of faith and called himself Bab or gate of the Qa\'em.) Rahiq Makhtom (the choiced wine), vol.1, p.22 or 34\"Abdul Hamid Ishraq Khavari\" who is a famous Baha’i author and teacher. Baha’i Publishing Trust ordered publication of this book.All of the documents of this article are based on the authentic Baha’i books ( He tried to prove his claim by offering his commentary on Surih-I Joseph, in which he obviously declared to compose it from \"Mohammad b.Al-Hasan Al-Askari\" . Later  he manifested his claim as Bab, or gate of Imam Mahdi by means of this book. Mulla Hussein accepted the claim of Ali Mohammad, and after that 17 other persons believed his book and followed him.

These 17 persons and Mulla Hussein who was called \"Bab al- Bab\" or the gate of the gate, were called the \"letters of living\" ) Bab imitated Siyyid Kazem-i-Rashti in his speech and tried to use letters of abjad as much as possible to make them more mysterious. According to rules of letters of abjad \"hai\" or living is equal to 18 in number).letters of living together with Bab equal to 19 and that\'s why 19 is a holy number among Babis and Baha’is.

By the way, after this new claim, letters of living were dispersed in Iran.

They wanted to recall the followers of Sheikh and the public to the point that Bab or gate of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) has came and Imam Mahdi himself will appear in the near future.

Simultaneously, one of the followers of Bab whose name was \"Mulla Sadeq-i-Khorasani\" recited the Azan in Shiraz on Friday and added the below phrase to the Islamic Azan:

\"اشهد ان علیا قبل نبیل باب بقیه الله\"

\"I witness that Ali before Nabil (i.e. Ali Mohammad Bab) is the gate of the Imam Mahdi\".

This obvious distortion prevailed disorder in Shiraz. It was clear that Bab was the cause of that change. So they recalled him and Bab desisted from his claim when he was slapped in the face. He confessed in front of the public:

Damn to those who call me as the attorney of the Hidden Imam.

Damn to those who suppose me as the denier of Imamate of Amir   Al- Momenin Ali (a.s.) and other Imams.

Damn those who called me as the Bab of Imam. ( Shoghi Effendi, Dawb Breakers, p.137-141)

After this confession, he was in contact with his followers secretly.

This contact was continued up to the time that Cholera was widespread in Shiraz, so anarchy prevailed and Bab found it suitable situation to escape from Shiraz  to Isfahan.

A Mysterious Countenance

Manoocher Khan Motamed Al-Doleh Gorji was the Armenian governor of Isfahan. He was irreligious and had a strange personality. He persuaded the chief clergy and Friday prayers Imam of Isfahan to send his brother to welcome Bab, when he went to Isfahan. He supported Bab obviously and it caused the complaint of public against him. The central government ordered Manoocher Khan to send Bab to capital city under protection. But surprisingly, he disobeyed and hid Bab in the Sun palace, and concluded a marriage between Bab and a beautiful girl. Manoocher Khan promised Bab to grant all of his wealth to him which was about 40 million frank. Mirza Aqasi who was the minister of the king Mohammad , persuaded the king to follow him and to conclude a marriage between Bab and the king\'s sister. Even he promised Bab to make all the kings of  world obey him!

He also vowed to declare a war against the king of Iran if he didn\'t obey them. Manochehr khan claimed that he was able to war against the king\'s army for about tow years.) Shoghi Effendi, Dawb Breakers,p.190, 200. Effendi,Shoghi, God Passes By,\' vol.1, p.110,  Mazandarani,Fazel \' Zohur al-Haq , Vol3,p.93, 105 .)

At that time Bab was enjoying the life but chance didn\'t help him because when the governor of Isfahan died, his hidden residence in Sun palace became public, and the next governor had to send him to Tehran. In the midway to Tehran, they received an order from capital to take Bab to Maku and imprison him in the prison over there.

Dispersion of sedition

At the same time, some of the followers of Bab, with the leadership of a woman called \"Zarin Taj\"(Tahirih Qurratu\'l-Ayn) killed \"Mulla Mohammad Taqi Qazvini\" who was one of the opponents of Sheikh and Babis.

It\'s important to mention that this great scholar was Zarintaj\'s uncle,and father in law.) \"Kashf-ul gheta\" p.106, 107. \"tarikh-e zohur-al haq\" (History of appearance of truth), p.324, 389. \"Al -kavakeb Al-dorie\" (the shining stars), vol.1, p.120. This book was authored by Abdul Hussein Ayati (Avareh) by Abdul-Baha’s order. Later, he gave up Bahais and converted to Islam and wrote \"Kashf Al-hial\" (or unfolding the deceits) against them. (So the first bloody sedition in Babi cause occurred.

Mirza Ali Mohammad manifested his claim as Bab from1260 up to 1264. (\"\'Rahiq makhtom\" (or the choice wine), vol.1, p.581-585).In 1264, a group of his followers gathered in Badasht ,a pleasant climate plain, to make a decision about the future.

The main director of the meeting was one of the young followers of Bab called \"Mirza Hussein Ali Noori Mazandarani\". The other important characters who attended that meeting were Zarintaj,Mohammad Ali Barforushi .

They talked a lot and finally decided to proclaim the abrogation of Islam.

They believed that the age of Islam was finished.

Also, they entitled Qurratul-Ayn to Tahirih, Hussein Ali to Baha\'u\'llah (glory of God) and Barforushi to Qodus (holy sacred) .

In addition, some shameful incidents occurred in Badasht. which caused the director\'s infamy among the public.

That infamy was to the extent that \'Mulla Hussein Bushrui, as the first follower of Bab said: \"if I was in Badasht, I would had punished the directors of that infamy by my sword\")\" Tarikh-e zohur-al haq\" (History of appearance of truth), p.110)

After this incident, Bab made a new claim as the Qa\'em. He said:

\" اننی انا القائم الحق الذی انتم بظهوره توعدون \"

\"I am the right Qa\'em whom you\'re promised to his appearance.\") foot-article of-\" Tarikh-e zohur-al haq\" (History of appearance of truth), p.173. The seventh part of \" Maede Asemani\" (the food of sky)  by \'Khavari, Eshraq\' p.231, 232. )

Later, Bab step beyond his limit again and claimed that he was a Prophet. He brought a new religion and a new book, which he called it Bayan) The Arabic Bayan and the Persian Bayan are Bab\'s religious books. ( Near the end of his life he claimed the divinity in his tablet of Heikal-Al Din\'.( \"Tablet of Heikal Al-din\"ان علیا قبل نبیل ذات الله و کینونیته:  )

Repentance; the eternal shame

After the incidents of Badasht, and during the succession of Naser al- Din Mirza, Bab was recalled from Chehriq to Tabriz. A meeting was organized in which the Crown Prince, some advisors and clerics -including some Sheikhi clerics-were present. In that meeting Bab repented from his claims. They didn\'t issue any order for his killing because they supposed Bab as a mad man. (\"Kashf-Al gheta an hial-al ada\" (Unfolding the enemy\'s deceits) by \"Golpayegani, Abu-al fazl\", p.203, 204. \"Al-kavakeb Al-dorrieh\"(The shining stars), p.241. The reason of his madness is available in this book.)

But later some civil wars occurred which were intrigued by Bab and his followers.So by the request of Amir kabir ,and on the accusation of violence and chaos, Bab was tried in court and executed in Shaban, 1266 A.H.( Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, vol.1, p.256)

Bab\'s repentance is very noticeable though the Baha’is try to deny it and pretend that it as a big lie. However, the details of that meeting and the complete text of his repentance is available in \"Kashf al- gheta an hial-al ada\" (unfolding the deceits of the enemies),authored by \"Golpayegani, Mirza Abulfazl\" , one of the greatest Baha’i teachers. Abdul-Baha had ordered him to write the book .After the writer\'s death his nephew and some of the Baha’i scholars completed it. So this repentance cannot be disappeared or refuted.

Anominious end

After Bab\'s execution, the consultant of the Russian embassy  went there and shed tears for him.According to the Bahai narration the next day he went back again, while a skillful drawer accompanied him and portrayed Bab. Then \"Ahmad Milani\" who was one of the young followers of Bab and was supported by Russia, hid the dead body of Bab in his silk-weaving factory. (\"Al-kavakeb Al-dorrieh\", vol.1, p.233, 248,249)

Muslims believe all of these incidents a proof that Russia had a hand in behind of arising  this national sedition in Iran.

Mirza Ali Mohammad (Bab)

Mirza Ali Mohammad Bab was born in 1233 A.H.His father was Mirza Reza ,a cloth-seller. He died when Ali Mohammad was a child; so his mother, Fateme Bagom, under the supervision of his uncle, took care of him.

He went to old fashioned primary school when he was five years old. His teacher was among the followers of Sheikh Ahmad and taught him the preliminary lessons. As Ali Mohammad confessed later he was beat in school several times and when he revealed some verses for the first time, he asked his teacher not to beat him more than five lashes.( The Arabic Bayan by Bab, p.25)

Bab went to Booshehr when he was young and engaged in commerce over there. He was undertaking mortification in the hot climate of Booshehr. He was standing across the sun and staring at it from early in morning to evening. This was to the extant that people supposed he is worshiping sun. (Summary of Nabil History, p.66)

After a time, he went to Karbala and lived there for a short time. He became one of the followers of Siyyid Kazim Rashti over there. (\"Asrar-al asar\" by \"Mazandarani, Fazel\", vol.1, p.35)

Mirza Hussein Ali Noori Mazandarani (Bahaullah)

After the Bab\'s death, and according to his testament, Mirza Yahya Sobh Azal, was appointed as his successor. He was 19 years old, an unexperienced and timid young man, who couldn\'t manage the Babi affairs, and practically his older brother took charge of the affairs. His name was Hussein Ali, and as you remember he was among the main directors of Badasht event.

Hussein Ali was born in Tehran, on the second day of Moharram in 1233 A.H. His father, Mirza Abbas, was one of the secretaries of King Mohammad Qajar staff. He employed some private teachers for the training of his children. Hussein Ali learned preliminary sciences and techniques from his father and his teachers.So he had no need to go to school. Later he claimed that he was uneducated in spite of the fact that he had had many teachers. (\"Asrar-al asar\", vol.1, p.191)

When Bab died, Amir Kabir who was a clever man, found out the danger of Babi movement and supposed Hussein Ali as the main director of recent seditious circumstances. So he proclaimed that Hussein Ali caused loss in the country\'s treasury and should pay for the damages(equal to half of the war indemnity between Iran and Russia). (Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, vol.1, p.315, vol.2, p.32) Later the court sentenced Bahaullah to exile.

After the unsuccessful terror of Shah, all the agents were arrested and  killed, except Baha\'u\'llah who went to Russian embassy for asylum .

The trust of Russian government

Russian government was supporting Bab surprisingly and also they supported Baha\'u\'allah much more obviously after him.

1- After the terror of the king, he ordered to arrest Baha\'u\'allah but he asked asylum in Russian embassy and the Ambassador called him the trust of Russian government. He sent a message to king and asked him to not bother Baha\'u\'llah .Even he threatened the king that “if something happens to him, the king himself would be responsible for it.” (God Passes By, vol.1, p.315,p.318 vol.2, p.33,p.321*The Dawn Breakers 647)

2- Because of those generous supporting, the king was compelled just to exile Baha\'u\'llah. When Baha\'u\'llah was expelled from Iran, some people from Russian embassy accompanied that great trust! Because of those supererogatory services, Baha\'u\'llah also revealed a Tablet in the honor of Russian emperor; the second Alexander Nikola. He also granted certain privileges to Russian Ambassador because of his generous assistance in Iran. Those privileges were to the extent that nobody except God could  know them.( Ibid, vol2, p.86, 87.) The British government had also sympathy with Baha\'u\'llah at a period of time. The Britain consul in Baghdad suggested the citizenship of Britain to Baha\'u\'llah.When Sir Arnold Baruz Kembal found the honor of visiting Baha\'u\'llah, he promised to send his letters to England court whenever he wanted to make a correspondence with Queen Victoria. He also promised to change the residence of \"Heikal-e Aqdas\" to India or wherever he desired. (Ibid, vol2, p.134)

The beginning of division

After the incomplete assassination of Nasereddin Shah, Mirza Yahya (Azal) went to Iraq in disguise and then followers of Bab gathered over there. They had very obscene behaviors in holy shrines. They were robbing the pilgrim\'s shoes, clothes and dishes.They killed their opponents and plundered their properties and also celebrated on the tenth day of Moharram (Ashura) which is a ceremonial day of mourning for Imam Hussein (a.s.) among the Muslims. (God Passes By, vol2. p.122 (1th and 2th edition).vol.1, p.328)

Mirza Yahya was an inexperienced youngster and practically Hussein Ali was leader of the Babis; but some  Babi scholars were dissatisfied with his leadership, so they notified Mirza Yahya and this created discord between the two brothers. After that, Hussein Ali went in secret to Soleymani Mountains. He called himself Dervish Mohammad over there. He learned mysticism and alchemy from the dervishes of naghshbandie (a sect among dervishes). After 2 years, he requested several times and finally returned to his previous position among the Babis.( Ibid, vol 2. p.112 (1th and 2th edition). And \"Iqan\" or Book of certitude by Bahaullah, p.95)

As it was mentioned earlier, followers of Bab had obscene behavior and they were exiled to Istanbul in 1280A.H. by the order of ottoman government.

According to Bahais, at the beginning of this journey, Hussein Ali manifested his claim and called himself as \"the one who is appeared by God\"; the Promised One which his appearance was predicted by Bab.

Bab had emphasized that the promised will appear 1511 years later. (The Persian Bayan, pp.61,71 & 100)

But immediately after his death, Mirza Hussein Ali and 25 other person paraphrased his speech and called themselves as the promised one.

Hussein Ali began  his claim in Baghdad in the spring, 1280 A.H. and he manifested his claim obviously in Istanbul. Four month later, followers of Bab were recalled from the capital of ottoman to Adriano, and from that time, a division was created between them.

A group of followers of Bab believed Sobh-e Azal as the Bab\'s successor so they were called Azali.

The other group believed in Mirza Hussein Ali as his successor, so they were called Baha’i.

Some other smaller groups were called as Dayyani, Qurrat-ul eini, Qodusi and Bayani(According to their chosen leader and acceptance of Bayan as the source of their religion.) (-\"Rahiq-e makhtom\" (the choice wine), p.1149)

The division between followers and the beginning of betrays

The arguments between followers of Bab damaged their dispensation. The most influential discord was created between Baha and Sobh Azal.

Azal claimed that according to Bab\'s testament he was the successor and leader of the Babis. He believed that his brother tried to take his position falsely. At the other hand, Hussein Ali was giving no credence to Bab\'s testament and believed that Azal has no position.

After this division between the two brothers, they began to insult and curse each other, to the extent that Azal was called donkey and bull by the Baha’is and Hussein Ali talked about his brother illegitimacy!( -\" ma\'ede asemani\" (the food of sky), the first part, p.40)

He called Azal as a voracious, winebibber and lustful man. He said:         \" Azal was always engaged in eating, drinking wine and deflowering the maidens. I\'m really ashamed to talk about his obscene deeds.\" (\"kitab-i- badi\" (the wondrous book), p.312. The crime which is worse than deflowering the maidens and Hussein ali is ashamed to talk about it, is pederasty which was stipulated in holy book or Aqdas.)

Followers of Azal did the same about Bahaullah. His sister  was among the followers of Azal .She said that during the leadership of Azal, Bahaullah offered his wife, and even his daughter, to Azal ,in order to attract his attention.(Ezziyeh Khanom, \"tanbih-ul naemin\" , pp.19 & 65) She believed that Bahaullah is unable to remedy the pains of mankind.First of all he should cure his own hand shaking and  rapture! (Ibid)

In this way the secrets of the Bab\'s family and his followers were made public.

The end of Hussein Ali\'s life

When the discord was created seriously between the two brothers and their followers, the government of ottoman separated them from each other. They sent Azal and his followers to Cyprus and Bahaullah and his followers to Akka in Palestine.

Azal died in Cyprus and after him, Mirza Hadi Doulatabadi and his brother, Yahya, became the leaders of the Azali community.

Mirza Hussein Ali (Bahaullah) also died in Akka in 1309 A.H.

As it was mentioned he had many different claims such as:

A Prophet , and the one who is appeared by God. Although it is in contrary with his claim as the dying ant. (Athar-e qalam-e aala\" (the exalted writings of Bab), vol.4, p.364)

Although he pretended to believe in prophet  Mohammad (PBUH) as the last prophet (Ishra\'qa\'t\" (splendors), p.293);but he sometimes step beyond divinity and called himself as The Lord of the Gods !( \"Makatib-e Abdul Baha\" (The writing of Abd-ul Baha), vol.2, p.255)

Abbas Effendi (Abdul- Baha)

Abbas was Bahaulla\'s son from his first wife. She was called \"Nawab\". Abbas was also called Master and Ibn-ul Baha later.

Mohammad Ali Effendi was his brother from the Bahaullah\'s second wife, Mahd-e olya.

According to Book of covenant (Bahaullah\'s testament), Abbas and then Mohammad Ali were introduced as his successors and leader of the Bahais. But after his death, the brothers separated from each other just like the division between Bahaullah and Azal.

This division between the brothers was to the extent that Abbas called Mohammad Ali and his followers \"Naqezin Akbar\" or The great breakers and called himself and his disciplines \"Sabetin\" who were reserving on blessed revelation. Mohammad Ali also called Abbas \"the chief of polytheists\" and \"devil\".(the Bleesed writing of Shoghi Effendi (Tablet of century), vol.1, p.103 and \"rahiq-e makhtom\" (the choice wine), p.87)Their enmity intensified to the extent that Abbas called his brother \"mosquito, beetle, soil worm, bat, owl, crow, fox, wolf,etc\" and introduced himself as \"nightingale and peacock\" (The writings of Abdul Baha\", vol.1, p. 442,443 and vol.2, p.234 and \"will and testament\", Egyptian edition, p.9 and \"The Blessed writing\", vol.1, p.132) Mohammad Ali also called Abdul-Baha \"calf and donkey\" (The writings of Abdul Baha\", vol.1, p.271 and \" rahiq-e makhtom\", p.581) and called himself \"the lion of God\" or Ghazanfarollah! Then Abbas proclaimed that many of the Bahaullah\'s Tablets have been stolen by the covenant breakers. They have changed the contents and also have robbed the of the ninth unit prayer in addition to the complementary percepts of the holy book (Aqdas).

It should be mentioned that this special prayer has been lost up to now and nobody knows about it. (It shows that Bahaullah never prayed in this way, so Abudl-Baha and other followers didn\'t know about it and needed the writing of Mohammad Ali.)

Abdul-Baha believed that Muhammad Ali and his followers had made the Bahai law imperfect. (Rahiq-e Makhtom\" (the choice wine), p.25-28 and p.174, 175 and \"Ganjine hodud va Ahkam\" (the treasury of religious percepts), p.32) We\'re really surprised about the prediction of Bahaullah especially when he says:\"We should be fair about the one who is not able to educate his wife and his children. How this man would be capable of educating other people around the world? Do you really have any doubt about this fact? No by God.\" (\"Makatib\" (the writing of Baha\'u\'llah), vol.2, p.182)

The xenophile

Abdul-Baha was a smarter man. He called himself \"Abdul-Baha\" or the servant of Baha and \"Raqiq-ul Baha\" or Diluted Baha! So in this case nobody would ask him any proof for his claims. He was not bound to a special government. He obeyed the governments which had been beneficial to him. First, he imitated his father and went after the goals of Bahai dispensation, under the protection of Russian emperor. Russia supported them to the extent that they could establish the first temple of Bahais in Ishqabad. This was called \"mashreq ul- azkar\" or the House of worship. (according to \"al-kavakeb al_dorrieh\" vol.2, p. 95 these temples was changed to museum by the Communists. \"God Passes By\", vol.3)

Their obedience to Russian government was so that Golpayegani ordered the Bahais as follows: \"All of us should pray for the endurance of the Russian Tzar life. We should pray for third Alexander to be more glorious and more magnificent. This is emphasized in the exalted Tablets which has been sent from the holy land .The summary of the contents is as follows: this oppressed group (Bahais) should never forget the justice and protection of the Russian government. They should pray permanently for the success of the great emperor and the general\". (\"Masabih-e Hedayat\" (the Lights of guidance),\"Soleimani, Aziz-ullah\", vol.2, p.282. Edited from the published committee of the Cause)

Simultaneously, Bahais tried to attract the attention of the Ottoman government , so they began to pray for the endurance of their king.(\"Makatib\" (the writing of Baha\'u\'llah), vol.2, p.312)

But when ottomans found out that Abdul-Baha had special relation with  the British government, they decided to execute him; but the England protected him again.( God Passes By, vol.3, p.297)

Shoghi Effendi

Shoghi Effendi is the grandson of Abdul-Baha. His father was Mirza Hadi Afnan.He studied in the American university of Beirut and Oxford University in London.

After death of Abdul_ Baha, he was introduced as the chairman under the protection of his mother. But some Baha’is didn\'t accept him and another division was created among the Bahais. Some of the great Baha’i teachers such as Abdul-Hussein Ayati (surenamed as Awareh), Fazlullah Sobhi(writer of Abd-ul Baha) , Mirza Hasan Nikoo desisted from Baha’i religion and returned to Islam ,and when Shoghi Effendi slandered them , They wrote books such as \" Kashf al-hial\" (Unfolding the deceits), \" Sobhi\'s memory\" and \" the Nikoo philosophy\" and betrayed the repelling precedence of Shoghi Effendi in childhood and youth.

Shoghi Effendi imitated the European during his leadership and established the national and local assemblies and registered them as religious or as commercial institutions in some countries. (Shoghi Effendi,God Passes By, vol.4, p.66-68) Bahais could stay just because of these partial and official administrations.

Shoghi Effendi issued a rule that had no precedence up to that time. He ordained that the Baha’is who do something against the desire of the Guardian of the Cause should be expelled from administration (official Excommunication),or from the Baha’i community (spiritual Excommunication) . This rule was in contrary with Abdul-Baha\'s desire:

\"We should not say which people are from the followers of Moses or Jesus or Mohammad or Buddha; it\'s none of our concern. God created all of us and it\'s our duty to be kind to all people, although our beliefs are important but they\'re due to God and he will punish or retribute people in the Day of Judgment. He never asks us to be municipal about these things! \" (Abdul-Baha,\" Khatabat\" (the speech), vol.2, p.284)

During Shoghi Effendi life, the Zionist government of Israel was established under the support of the Baha’is. In fact, they helped to establish a stranger government at the heart of the Islamic community ,so they were officially recognized in Israel. Their properties had been protected and they had been exempted from tax. (\"toughiat-e mobarake\" (or the blessed writing), vol.3, p.165)

Shoghi Effendi died in London in 1336A.H.(1957) and was buried over there .On the contrary to the prediction of Abbas Effendi, he was barren and had no children. He didn\'t appoint a successor and this caused a large struggle among the Baha’is.

The division in Baha’i dispensation

Seven years after Shoghi Effendi\'s death, Baha’is organized a conference in London. The delegations of Baha’is of different countries gathered over there and selected nine men as the members of Universal House of Justice. Then they established the promised House of justice in Haifa.

In fact, they didn\'t pay attention to Abdul-Baha\'s W&T about the Guardianship of the Cause.

On the other hand, some Baha’is gave no credence to the House in Haifa. They believed that according to Abdul-Baha\'s W&T the Guardian of the Cause should be the Chairman of the House of justice; otherwise the House would have no authority to govern the Bahai community.

The leader of the mentioned group was \"Mason Remey\". He was among the important Baha’is who were selected by Shoghi Effendi. At the same time, a young Baha’i from Khorasan manifested his claim in Indonesia as the New promised Manifestation. His was Jamshid Ma’ani and he was surnamed as Sama\'u\'llah (the sky of God).He has similar documentations ,as others, to prove his claim.

Now, the Samais and Remeits are living in different countries such as India, Pakistan, Iran, Indonesia,Australia, and America.

The conclusion

About 170 years ago, a youngster in Shiraz manifested his claim as the Bab ( the Gate) or the deputy of the twelfth Imam of shia (a.s.).After four years, he supposed himself as the promised Qa\'em from the Prophet’s  descendants. A few time later, he claimed that he was the prophet of God, and then he called himself as \" the eternal being of God\". At last, after beaten by 11 lashes, he desisted from all of his claims and repented and finally was executed by the order of Amir Kabir, because of the civil wars and damages caused by his followers.

After the mentioned seditions which were excited by Bab, another was excited by Mirza Hussein Ali Noori Mazandarani who supposed himself as the promised man in Bab\'s writing and then some people became his followers and he could organized the Bahai group.

Although Baha’is are dispersed around the world and teach their religion everywhere and even try to register their group as a company or assembly in the countries, and find the official recognition, they suppose Iran as \"The cradle of the Cause\" .It\'s their wish to be recognized officially in Iran. But the Iranians hate Baha’is and their mysterious administration because of the two reasons:

1-the belief in Mahdiism, is very important for the Shias, the Muslims , and many people around the world. But unfortunately, this holy belief was debased because of the deceitful claim of Bab and his successors . The Shia people are waiting for the appearance of their twelfth Imam who was promised to come and fill the world with justice and equity, as it has been filled with sedition and tyranny. They know that Bab was a treacherous man who claimed falsely and supposed himself as the deputy of this promised Imam. So some unconscious Muslims were deceived by his claims .Later, some of his ignorant followers created three civil wars in Iran, in order to show friendship with Imam Mahdi and preparing the way for his Reappearance. They really damaged Iran and excited a great loss and sedition in Iran.

2-The belief in Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) as the last prophet is an important basis in Islam .This holy belief was also damaged by Bab. Although Bab and his followers emphasized this belief in their writings, but they proclaimed the abrogation of Islam and contradicted the mentioned belief .So Muslims are really angry for this contradiction and hate the Baha’is. They are aware about the terrible political and social precedence of the Baha’is. Muslims believe that Baha’i administration is working under protection and support of the foreigners.

If you research historically about their writings, certainly you will find them full of lies and contradicts.

Unfortunately, the Baha’is are very bigoted toward their religion. They overlook the facts and don\'t research about their leaders. If they do so, they will find their religion full of contradictions.